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Amb L’últim dia d’un condemnat (1828) Victor Hugo va escriure, sens dubte, l’al·legat més ardent mai pronunciat contra la pena de mort. Aquest relat es presenta aquí precedit de Claude Gueux (1834), una narració breu basada en un fet real on l’escriptor francès relata l’empresonament d’un pobre obrer que va robar per alimentar la seva família. En tots dos relats Hugo denúncia la pena capital i la presó com els instruments d’una societat que no sap respondre més que amb la repressió contra la penúria dels miserables. Escrita en primera persona , a L’últim dia d’un condemnat Victor Hugo aconsegueix que el lector s’identifiqui amb el narrador i li encomani l’angoixa i les inútils esperances del condemnat, així com transmetre-li l’absurditat que suposa trobar-se en la situació d’algú a qui la guillotina li segarà el coll al cap d’unes hores. Ambdós textos són una lliçó d’escriptura i d’humanitat colpidors.
VICTOR HUGO
Besançon, (1802-1885). Víctor Hugo fue considerado el principal representante del romanticismo. Virtuoso de la escritura desde su infancia, Víctor Hugo proclamó el principio de la «libertad en el arte», y definió su tiempo a partir del conflicto entre la tendencia espiritual y el apresamiento en lo carnal del hombre. A lo largo de muchos años, compaginó su brillante producción literaria con su exitosa carrera política, por lo que se convirtió en uno de los personajes de mayor relevancia pública de su época en Francia. Considerado como uno de los mayores poetas ses, su influencia posterior sobre Baudelaire, Rimbaud, e incluso Mallarmé y los surrealistas es innegable.
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