html,body{font-size:16px !important;line-height:18px !important;height:100%;color:#333;padding:0;margin:0}*,html,body{font-family:"Poppins",sans-serif;font-weight:normal;letter-spacing:normal;-webkit-font-smoothing:antialiased;-webkit-box-sizing:border-box;-moz-box-sizing:border-box;box-sizing:border-box;text-rendering:geometrirecision;-webkit-tap-highlight-color:rgba(0,0,0,0);outline:none !important;letter-spacing:-0.1px;word-wrap:break-word}.row{display:flex;flex-wrap:wrap;margin-left:-10px;margin-right:-10px;padding:0 2px}.col{flex:0 0 auto;width:25%;margin-bottom:20px;padding-left:10px;padding-right:10px}.col .entity-item{height:100%}strong,b{font-family:"Poppins",sans-serif;font-weight:bold}figure{margin:0;padding:0}a{text-decoration:none;color:#174fae}a:hover{text-decoration:underline}pre{padding:5px;margin-top:20px;background:#f3f3f3;border:1px solid #ccc}p{font-size:18px;line-height:24px}.link{cursor:pointer}.nowrap{white-space:nowrap}.overflow-auto{overflow:auto !important;-webkit-overflow-scrolling:touch !important}.h1,.h2,.h3,.h4,.h5,.h6,h1,h2,h3,h4,h5,h6{font-family:"Poppins",sans-serif;font-weight:bold}.multiple:after{content:',';margin-right:4px}.multiple:last-child:after{content:'';margin-right:0}.icon-home{display:flex;justify-content:center;align-items:center}.icon-home svg{fill:#fff;width:15px;height:15px}.icon svg{fill:#fff;width:35px;height:35px}.m-0{margin:0 !important}.p-0{padding:0 !important}.mt-0{margin-top:0 !important}.mb-0{margin-bottom:0 !important}.mb-2{margin-bottom:10px !important}.me-1{margin-right:5px !important}.me-2{margin-right:10px !important}.mb-4{margin-bottom:20px !important}.mt-2{margin-top:20px !important}.mt-1{margin-top:10px !important}.opacity-0{opacity:0 !important}hr{border:0;border-top:1px solid #ccc}.hide-scrollbar{overflow-x:scroll;scrollbar-width:none}.hide-scrollbar::-webkit-scrollbar{display:none}.d-none{display:none !important}.btn{display:inline-block;font-weight:400;line-height:1.5;color:#212529;text-align:center;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:middle;cursor:pointer;-webkit--select:none;-moz--select:none;-select:none;background-color:transparent;border:1px solid transparent;padding:.375rem .75rem;font-size:1rem;border-radius:.25rem;transition:color .15s ease-in-out,background-color .15s ease-in-out,border-color .15s ease-in-out,box-shadow .15s ease-in-out}.btn:hover{text-decoration:none}.btn-link{font-weight:400;color:#0d6efd;text-decoration:none}.btn-group-sm>.btn,.btn-sm{padding:.25rem .5rem;font-size:.875rem;border-radius:.2rem}.btn-outline-dark{color:#212529;border-color:#212529}.btn-outline-dark a{color:#212529}.btn-outline-dark:hover{color:#fff;background-color:#212529;border-color:#212529}.btn-outline-dark:hover a{color:#fff;text-decoration:none}.btn-outline-light{color:#f8f9fa;border-color:#f8f9fa}.btn-outline-light:hover{color:#000;background-color:#f8f9fa;border-color:#f8f9fa}.btn-secondary{color:#fff;background-color:#6c757d;border-color:#6c757d}.btn-dark{color:#fff;background-color:#001c4c;border-color:#001c4c}.btn-danger{color:#fff;background-color:#dc3545;border-color:#dc3545}.btn-light{color:#000;background-color:#f8f9fa;border-color:#f8f9fa}.btn-rounded{border-radius:50px}.btn-dark:hover{color:#ccc}.btn-outline-dark{color:#212529;border-color:#212529}.btn-outline-dark:hover{color:#fff;background-color:#212529;border-color:#212529}.btn-movie{font-size:25px;line-height:25px;padding:0;border-radius:50% !important;width:60px;height:60px;margin:0 15px 0 0;display:flex;justify-content:center;align-items:center}.btn-movie svg{width:30px;height:30px}.btn-icon{line-height:0}.btn-icon svg{fill:#fff;width:1.1em;height:1.1em}.btn-movie:hover svg{fill:#fff}.breadcrumb{font-size:16px;line-height:30px}.breadcrumb{display:flex;flex-wrap:wrap;padding:0;margin-bottom:1rem;list-style:none}.breadcrumb-item+.breadcrumb-item{padding-left:.5rem}.breadcrumb-item+.breadcrumb-item::before{float:left;padding-right:.5rem;color:#6c757d;content:"/";font-size:12px}.sidebar{display:flex;justify-content:space-between;height:100%;flex-direction:column}.sticky-box{height:100%;width:100%;margin-bottom:20px;padding:0}.banner{position:sticky;top:10px;margin-bottom:20px;margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto}.banner ins{position:sticky;top:10px;text-decoration:none;display:block;overflow:hidden !important}.banner ins:after{content:'PUBLICIDAD';background:#f5f5f5;width:100%;display:block;text-align:center;font-size:12px;line-height:12px;padding:4px 0}.bottom-ad-module{display:none}.roba-mobile{display:none}.roba-mobile,.roba-desktop{min-height:600px}.roba-desktop{display:flex;justify-content:start;align-items:end;flex-direction:column;width:320px;max-width:320px}.board-article-outbrain{margin-bottom:40px}.input-group{position:relative;display:flex;flex-wrap:wrap;align-items:stretch;width:100%}.input-group>.form-control,.input-group>.form-select{position:relative;flex:1 1 auto;width:1%;min-width:0}.input-group:not(.has-validation)>.dropdown-toggle:nth-last-child(n+3),.input-group:not(.has-validation)>:not(:last-child):not(.dropdown-toggle):not(.dropdown-menu){border-top-right-radius:0;border-bottom-right-radius:0}.input-group>:not(:first-child):not(.dropdown-menu):not(.valid-tooltip):not(.valid-):not(.invalid-tooltip):not(.invalid-){margin-left:-1px;border-top-left-radius:0;border-bottom-left-radius:0}.form-control{display:block;width:100%;padding:.375rem .75rem;font-size:1rem;font-weight:400;line-height:1.5;color:#212529;background-color:#fff;background-clip:padding-box;border:1px solid #ced4da;-webkit-appearance:none;-moz-appearance:none;appearance:none;border-radius:.25rem;transition:border-color .15s ease-in-out,box-shadow .15s ease-in-out}.form-control-sm{min-height:calc(1.5em+.5rem+2px);padding:.25rem .5rem;font-size:.875rem;border-radius:.2rem}.container{width:1140px;margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto}.top{margin-bottom:20px}.topbar-container{width:100%;background-color:#001c4c}.topbar{position:relative;display:flex;justify-content:center;padding:10px 0;z-index:2}.header-section{border-top:1px solid #fff;background-color:#eaede2;padding:10px 0;text-align:center}.header-section .header-section-title,.header-section .header-section-title a{font-family:"Poppins",sans-serif;font-weight:700;font-size:26px;line-height:26px;margin:0;padding:0;color:#001c4c}.menu-container{width:100%}.menu{position:relative;display:flex;justify-content:center;border-bottom:1px solid #ffffff59;padding:5px 0;z-index:2;background-color:#f3f3f3}.menu .navbar-nav{display:flex;flex-direction:row;list-style:none;padding:0;margin:0}.menu .navbar-nav .nav-link{display:block;padding:.5rem;text-decoration:none;transition:color .15s ease-in-out,background-color .15s ease-in-out,border-color .15s ease-in-out;color:rgba(0,0,0,.55);font-weight:500;font-size:14px;line-height:14px;text-transform:uppercase}.form-search-container{padding:15px 0;width:auto;background-color:#e9f1f8}.form-search{display:flex;flex-direction:row;justify-content:center;width:1140px;margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto}.form-search form{display:flex;width:50%}.form-search .input-search-autocomplete{background-color:#ffffffa8}.section{width:100%;margin-bottom:40px}.section .section-header{display:flex;align-items:center;justify-content:space-between;border-top:3px solid #001c4c;border-bottom:1px solid #001c4c;margin-bottom:20px}.section .section-header p,.section .section-header h2,.section .section-header h1{font-size:24px;line-height:28px;font-weight:bold;color:#001c4c;font-size:24px;line-height:24px;padding:10px 0;margin:0}.entity-item{display:flex;flex-direction:column;position:relative;width:100%;border-bottom:4px solid #001c4c;background:#f3f3f3;box-shadow:0 0 4px #000;text-align:left;margin-bottom:0}.entity-item .entity-item-details{order:1;padding:10px}.entity-item .entity-title,.entity-item .entity-title a{font-size:18px;line-height:20px;font-family:"Poppins",sans-serif;font-weight:600;color:#333;text-decoration:none;margin-bottom:0;margin-top:0;text-transform:uppercase}.entity-item .entity-title small{font-size:14px;line-height:16px}.entity-item .entity-title a:before{content:"";top:0;left:0;right:0;bottom:0;display:block;margin:0;padding:0;position:absolute;z-index:2}.entity-item .entity-item-image{order:0}.entity-item .figure{position:relative;aspect-ratio:.66666667;display:flex;justify-content:center;align-items:center;background-color:#222;color:#fff;overflow:hidden}.entity-item .figure:after{content:var(--category-var);position:absolute;bottom:5px;right:5px;font-size:14px;line-height:14px;text-align:right;background:#2e579e;color:#fff;font-weight:bold;padding:3px 6px;border-radius:5px}.entity-item .figure .img{position:absolute;top:0;left:0;width:100%;height:100%;object-fit:cover}.footer{background-color:#001c4c;padding:20px 0}.footer .container{display:flex;flex-direction:column;justify-content:center;align-items:center;text-align:center}.footer p{font-size:14px;line-height:1;color:#fff;text-align:center;padding:0 10px}.footer a{color:#ccc}.gallery{display:grid;grid-auto-flow:column;grid-auto-columns:calc(100% / 1.1);gap:10px;overflow-x:scroll;scroll-snap-type:x mandatory;scroll-behavior:smooth}.gallery figure{scroll-snap-align:start;position:relative;aspect-ratio:16 / 9;border-radius:10px;border:1px solid #ccc;display:flex;justify-content:center;align-items:center;background-color:#222;color:#fff;width:100%}.gallery img{position:absolute;top:0;left:0;width:100%;height:100%;object-fit:cover;border-radius:10px}.video-gallery{display:grid;grid-auto-flow:column;grid-auto-columns:calc(100% / 1.1);gap:10px;overflow-x:scroll;scroll-snap-type:x mandatory;scroll-behavior:smooth}.video{scroll-snap-align:start;border-radius:10px;overflow:hidden}.video iframe{width:100%;height:100%;aspect-ratio:16 / 9}.entity-gallery .gallery-row>*{border:1px solid #ffffff00}.entity-gallery .gallery-row{display:grid;grid-auto-flow:column;grid-auto-columns:calc(100% / 4.06);gap:15px;overflow-x:auto;overflow-y:hidden;scroll-snap-type:x mandatory;scroll-behavior:smooth;scroll-padding:0}.entity-gallery .gallery-row-6{grid-auto-columns:calc(100% / 5.9)}.entity-gallery .gallery-column{width:100%;scroll-snap-align:start;object-fit:cover}.entity-gallery .entity-item{display:flex;flex-direction:column;position:relative;margin-bottom:0;height:100%}.carousel-wrapper{position:relative}.carousel-button{position:absolute;top:50%;transform:translateY(-50%);background-color:#00000099;color:white;border:0;padding:10px 10px;cursor:pointer;z-index:10;border-radius:100%;display:flex;justify-content:center;align-items:center}.carousel-button svg{fill:#fff;width:20px;height:20px}.carousel-prev{left:0}.carousel-next{right:0}.accordion{width:100%;border:1px solid #ccc;border-radius:8px}.accordion-item{border-top:1px solid #ccc}.accordion-header{display:flex;justify-content:start;align-items:center;padding:15px;cursor:pointer;font-weight:bold}.accordion-header .badge{background-color:#6c757d;color:#fff;padding:5px 10px;border-radius:4px;font-size:14px}.accordion-checkbox{display:none}.accordion-content{max-height:0;overflow:hidden;transition:max-height .3s ease;padding:0 10px;background-color:#fff}.accordion-checkbox:checked ~ .accordion-content{max-height:500vh;padding:0 10px}.accordion-content .table{width:100%;margin-top:10px;margin-bottom:10px;border-collapse:collapse}.accordion-content .table td{padding:10px;border:1px solid #ddd}.accordion-item:first-of-type{border-top:0}.accordion-header::after{flex-shrink:0;margin-left:auto;content:"+";background-repeat:no-repeat;background-size:1.25rem;transition:transform .2s ease-in-out}.accordion-header h4{font-weight:normal}.accordion-content p{margin-top:0}.no-disponible{text-align:center}@media(max-width:1024px){.container{width:100%}.top{margin-bottom:0}.other-container{width:100%;margin:0;padding-left:15px;padding-right:15px}.col{flex:0 0 auto;width:50%}.menu{display:block}.aside-container{display:none}.form-search{width:100%}.form-search form{display:flex;width:100%;margin:0 15px}.entity-item .entity-title,.entity-item .entity-title a{font-size:16px;line-height:18px}.breadcrumb{margin-bottom:10px;padding-left:15px;padding-right:15px}.gallery{grid-auto-columns:calc(100% / 1.1)}.entity-gallery .gallery-row{grid-auto-columns:calc(100% / 2.3)}.section .section-header p,.section .section-header h2,.section .section-header h1{font-size:20px;line-height:22px}.roba-desktop{display:none}.roba-mobile{position:relative;top:0;margin-bottom:30px;display:flex;justify-content:start;align-items:center;flex-direction:column;width:calc(100vw - 30px);max-width:calc(100vw - 30px)}.roba-mobile ins{position:sticky;top:0}.bottom-ad-module{display:block;position:fixed;bottom:0;left:0;width:100%;margin:0;box-shadow:0 -1px 5px 0 rgba(0,0,0,.2);text-align:center;line-height:0;background:#f5f5f5;z-index:3000004;transition:transform .5s ease,opacity .5s ease}.bottom-ad-module-hidden{transform:translateY(100%);opacity:0}.bottom-ad-module .publi-box__close-btn{display:block;color:#666;background:#f5f5f5;z-index:1000001;font-size:17px;padding:5px;box-shadow:1px -2px 2px 0 rgba(0,0,0,.2);border-top-left-radius:8px;width:28px;height:28px;position:absolute;top:-28px;right:0;cursor:pointer}} .article{width:100%}.movie-header{position:relative;margin-bottom:40px;display:flex;flex-direction:row;align-items:flex-start}.movie-header .figure{position:relative;aspect-ratio:.66666667;display:flex;justify-content:center;align-items:center;background-color:#222;color:#fff;width:250px;flex:0 0 250px;overflow:hidden;margin-right:20px}.movie-header .figure .img{position:absolute;top:0;left:0;width:100%;height:100%;object-fit:cover}.movie-title-container{margin:0 auto;z-index:1;flex:1 1 100%;overflow:hidden}.movie-title-container .title{border-top:4px solid #001c4c;border-bottom:1px solid #ccc;font-weight:bold;font-size:36px;line-height:38px;margin:0;padding:10px 0;margin-bottom:20px;color:#001c4c;text-transform:uppercase}.movie-title-container .author-name{margin-bottom:30px}.movie-title-container .author-name a{font-weight:normal;text-transform:uppercase}.movie-title-container .categories{position:absolute;bottom:0;margin-bottom:0}.movie-title-container .categories-relative{position:relative}.movie-title-container .categories a{margin-bottom:10px;margin-right:5px}.movie-title-container .tagline{margin-bottom:20px}.movie-buttons{display:flex;align-items:center;margin-bottom:20px}.movie-buttons .btn-buy{font-size:20px;line-height:1;font-family:sans-serif;font-weight:normal;text-transform:uppercase;height:60px;justify-content:center;align-items:center;display:flex;padding:0 30px;border-radius:30px}.movie-buttons .discountPercentage{font-size:22px;line-height:22px;font-weight:bold;color:green}.movie-container{display:flex;flex-direction:row}.movie-body{margin:0;width:780px;flex:0 0 780px;overflow:hidden}.aside-container{text-align:right;width:320px;flex:0 0 320px;position:relative;margin-left:40px}.providers{width:100%}.providers .provider-container{margin-bottom:20px}.providers a{margin-right:10px;display:inline-block}.providers a:last-child{margin-right:0}.providers img{width:55px;height:55px;border-radius:5px}.providers .provider-type{display:block;background:#eaede2;padding:5px;margin-bottom:10px;font-weight:bold}.providers .provider-container:last-child{margin-bottom:0}.movie-info .row-info{display:flex;flex-direction:row;margin-top:10px;margin-bottom:10px}.movie-info .col-title{font-size:18px;line-height:24px;width:40%;flex:0 0 40%;display:flex;align-items:center;margin:0;font-weight:normal}.movie-info .col-title .icon{display:flex;margin-right:5px}.movie-info .col-title .icon svg{width:20px;height:20px}.movie-info .col-value{width:60%;flex:0 0 60%}.movie-info .col-value p{padding:0;margin:0}.movie-info .col-value .link{white-space:nowrap;text-overflow:ellipsis;display:block;overflow:hidden}.movie-share{position:fixed;bottom:10px;right:10px;z-index:1000}.movie-share .btn{font-size:25px;line-height:25px;padding:0;border-radius:50% !important;width:60px;height:60px;display:flex;justify-content:center;align-items:center;background:#064cc3}.movie-share .btn svg{width:30px;height:30px;fill:#fff}.circle-wrap{width:60px;height:60px;background:#ccc;border-radius:50%;margin:0 15px 0 0;z-index:1}.circle-wrap .circle{position:relative}.circle-wrap .circle .mask,.circle-wrap .circle .fill{width:60px;height:60px;position:absolute;border-radius:50%}.mask .fill{clip:rect(0,30px,60px,0);background-color:#000}.circle-wrap .circle .mask{clip:rect(0,60px,60px,30px)}.circle-wrap .inside-circle{font-family:sans-serif;width:49px;height:49px;border-radius:50%;background:#064cc3;color:#fff;position:absolute;z-index:100;font-weight:700;font-size:18px;line-height:18px;top:5px;left:5px;display:flex;justify-content:center;align-items:center}@media(max-width:1024px){.movie-body{width:100%;flex:0 0 100%;overflow:unset}.movie-header{flex-direction:column}.movie-header .figure{margin:0;width:100%;flex:0 0 100%;background-color:transparent;aspect-ratio:unset;padding:20px 50px}.movie-header .figure .img{position:relative;height:auto;box-shadow:0 0 10px 0 #333}.movie-title-container{width:100%;margin:0;padding-left:15px;padding-right:15px;text-align:center}.movie-title-container .title{border-top:0;font-size:26px;line-height:30px;margin:0 0 20px 0}.movie-buttons{flex-direction:column;margin-bottom:30px;border-bottom:1px solid #ccc;padding-bottom:20px}.movie-buttons .btn-buy{margin-bottom:10px}.movie-title-container .categories{position:relative}.movie-container{margin:0;padding-left:15px;padding-right:15px}.movie-info .row-info{flex-direction:column}.movie-info .col-title,.movie-info .col-value p,.movie-info .col-value a{margin:0}.movie-info .col-title{width:100%;flex:0 0 100%;font-weight:600}.movie-info .col-value{width:100%;flex:0 0 100%}}
"The book provides vital insights into commercial development for engineering students in a highly practical and applied manner. Over the past 3 years, application of the book's material has allowed the students to develop their commercial literacy and ambition in the University." (Steve Orr, Director, Northern Ireland Science Park connect program which looks to accelerate the growth of knowledge-based companies in Northern Ireland). Engineering Innovative Products: A Practical Experience is a pioneering book that will be of key use to senior undergraduate and graduate engineering students who are being encouraged to explore innovation and commercialization as part of their courses. The book will teach the essential skills of entrepreneurship and address the fundamental requirements needed to establish a successful technology company. As well as providing the crucial background and insights enabling students to identify a key market, it also offers a highly practical guide to undertaking genuine product validation and producing a feasibility study, as well as providing vital insights into the challenges and demands in forming a technology based company. It outlines how to develop and grow an engineering solution which has market potential and covers key business aspects of giving the perfect pitch, sales and marketing, protection of ideas and finance, to offer a complete and practical guide to commercializing ideas. It provides vital insight into the design and innovation processes within engineering and the challenges and pitfalls in translating good ideas into great products. It features contributions from leading experts in marketing, finance, company formation, sales and intellectual protection which provides details of the challenges faced by innovators when commercializing ideas. It includes case studies from engineering students who give insights into how they have successfully developed their own ideas into companies.