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Para el historicismo racionalista hegeliano, todo el proceso histórico de la humanidad -compuesto de cuatro grandes períodos: oriental, griego, romano y germánico- es considerado como la fatal afirmación del "espíritu del mundo", en una progresiva manifestación de la libertad. El esquema lógico-dialéctico en que se encuentra el devenir histórico como posición, oposición y superación trae como consecuencia que el hecho consumado, precisamente por haberse afirmado como realidad histórica, sea reconocido como racional, y por lo tanto, justificado. Estas célebres lecciones sobre la filosofía de la historia, de Georg Wilhelm Friedrich Hegel (1770-1831), fueron publicadas postumamente en 1837, y ampliadas en 1840 por su hijo, Karl Hegel. En 1928, el filósofo español José Gaos las tradujo a nuestro idioma.
Georg Wilhelm Friedrich Hegel
Georg Wilhelm Friedrich Hegel (Stuttgart, 1770 -Berlín, 1831), recibió su formación en el Tübinger Stift (seminario de la Iglesia Protestante en Württemberg), donde trabó amistad con el futuro filósofo Friedrich Schelling y el poeta Friedrich Hölderlin. Le fascinaron las obras de Spinoza, Kant y Rousseau, así como la Revolución sa, la cual acabó rechazando cuando ella cayó en manos del terror jacobino. Considerado por la Historia Clásica de la Filosofía como el representante de la cumbre del movimiento decimonónico alemán del idealismo filosófico y como un revolucionario de la Dialéctica, habría de tener un impacto profundo en el materialismo histórico de Karl Marx. Hegel es célebre como un filósofo muy oscuro, pero muy original y siempre sorprendente. Desde sus principios hasta nuestros días sus escritos siguen teniendo gran repercusión, en parte dadas sus múltiples interpretaciones posibles.
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