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Este libro es el fruto de la investigación realizada en el marco del Proyecto de I+D+i La influencia de las víctimas en el tratamiento jurídico de la violencia colectiva (ref. DER2013-43760-R), financiado por el Ministerio de Economía y Competitividad. Este proyecto pretendía dar respuesta a los múltiples dilemas jurídicos, políticos y sociales que plantea el surgimiento, principalmente por vía jurisprudencial y a nivel internacional, en los últimos veinte años, de un cuerpo de derechos de las víctimas de graves violaciones de derechos humanos y el establecimiento paralelo de obligaciones del Estado, que incluyen la adopción de determinadas políticas públicas. La idea central que ha presidido el enfoque de la investigación desde su planteamiento es la de que todos los mecanismos jurídicos elegidos para abordar los fenómenos de violencia colectiva deben ser sometidos a un triple análisis científico en los ámbitos psicológico, sociológico y jurídico, para comprobar que producen en la víctima concreta el efecto reparador que se les atribuye, y no, en cambio, efectos distintos o incluso contrarios; que promueven en el cuerpo social al que van dirigidos los efectos de reconciliación, reconstrucción del tejido social y superación del pasado conflictivo; y que contribuyen a la construcción de un Estado democrático basado en el respeto de los derechos humanos. Todo sistema de justicia de transición debería ser pensado como el resultado de una ponderación entre los múltiples intereses individuales y colectivos en juego, y no deben perderse de vista las consecuencias que un determinado mecanismo tendrá para el ordenamiento jurídico en su conjunto y para el modelo de Estado.