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Il ny a pas de psychologie du langage sans recours à la linguistique. Sans elle on peut bien étudier certains aspects du langage chez lindividu. Nombreux sont les psychologues, en surtout, qui ont cru pouvoir, par la seule observation psychologique, déterminer les formes de lacquisition du langage, du langage intérieur ou de lexpression verbale, les troubles du langage. Mais il suffit de lire leurs travaux pour en apercevoir le caractère partiel ; ils manquent de vues densemble et de système ; ils négligent trop visiblement des faits considérables qui conditionnent ceux quils sefforcent dexposer ; ils sont conduits inévitablement à poser des questions inutiles, à oublier les questions essentielles, à mal poser les questions nécessaires, à créer des faits inexistants, à méconnaître les faits réels, à mal interpréter les faits constatés. Lhistoire des doctrines de laphasie fournit à ces considérations pessimistes une illustration éclatante. Sils avaient moins ignoré la structure dune langue, les médecins et les psychologues auraient moins longtemps méconnu les conditions de la parole. Dautre part la linguistique appelle nécessairement une psychologie du langage. Dès quelle sort des constatations de fait, dès quelle cherche à expliquer, il lui faut faire appel à la constitution physique ou psychique du sujet parlant. Cette considération nest pas la seule, lhistoire et la sociologie fournissant aussi des principes dexplication. Mais elle est indispensable. Une partie de la linguistique sachève en psychologie...