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La libertad de expresión propia de una democracia se sustanció a lo largo de la Transición, y hasta bien entrados los años ochenta, gracias al empeño de quienes rechazaron o desafiaron la intolerancia de la cultura franquista. Algunos representantes del mundo teatral, cinematográfico y editorial jalonaron esa lucha con las consecuencias de amenazas, atentados y condenas. Otros, menos recordados por pertenecer a una cultura popular con escasa atención crítica, sufrieron la misma persecución sin salir del anonimato. Ofendidos y censores recopila un conjunto de historias cuyos protagonistas son variopintos, desde editores izquierdistas o grupos procedentes del Teatro Independiente hasta promotores de la pornografía pasando por jóvenes descorbatados con ganas de fiesta. A partir del rigor de la investigación y la mirada comprensiva del humor, cuando cabe utilizarlo, sus casos aparecen recreados para la memoria de aquella época. Conviene recuperarla para entender las dificultades de una libertad de expresión basada en la tolerancia del otro, aunque sus manifestaciones resulten molestas y desaten las iras de los ofendidos con voluntad de censores. La libertad de expresión se ganó palmo a palmo en un clima de intolerancia heredado del franquismo. Juan A. Ríos Carratalá es catedrático de Literatura Española en la Universidad de Alicante, premio de la Crítica Valenciana en la modalidad de ensayo (2013) y especialista en temas relacionados con el humor, la memoria histórica y el papel de la ficción en la misma. Acerca de la cultura del franquismo, ha publicado Usted puede ser feliz. La felicidad en tiempos del franquismo (2013), Nos vemos en Chicote. Imágenes del cinismo y el silencio en la cultura franquista (2015), Contemos cómo pasó. Imágenes y reflexiones de una cotidianidad, 1958-1975 (2016), Un franquismo con franquistas (2019), De mentiras y franquistas (2020) y Petróleo, monjas y poetas. Otras historias de 1964 (2021). Da con este ensayo sobre la libertad de expresión el salto a la Transición, que ya había abordado en su cara más oculta con Quinquis, maderos y picoletos (2014).
Juan Antonio Rios Carratala
Juan A. Ríos es catedrático de Literatura española de la Universidad de Alicante y experto en cine y teatro. Ha publicado obras tales como Una arrolladora simpatía. Edgar Neville de Hollywood al Madrid de Postguerra, Premio al mejor ensayo de cine, La obra literaria de Rafael Azcona y Tricicle, treinta años de risas.
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