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Durante el último tercio del siglo XIX el crecimiento de la población urbana en España sufrió una intensa aceleración, que tuvo como consecuencia el que los límites de las ciudades se vieran cada vez más desbordados, y el hacinamiento se convirtió en un creciente problema social y sanitario. En los barrios populares, la precariedad del trabajo, la mala alimentación, la suciedad y la falta de higiene dieron lugar a altas tasas de mortalidad, y se puso entonces de manifiesto la necesidad de afrontar problemas vinculados a las deficientes infraestructuras urbanas y la organización socioespacial. Abastecimiento y tratamiento de aguas, eliminación de basuras, alumbrado o movilidad adquirieron nuevas dimensiones que tuvieron que solventarse por los poderes públicos y el sector privado. Con sus aceleraciones e interrupciones, la España del primer tercio del siglo XX fue un periodo en el que se buscó la implementación de un nuevo modelo de salud pública.Este libro tiene por objetivo profundizar en el estudio de las transformaciones sociales de la España urbana en el periodo que va desde finales del siglo XIX hasta el estallido de la Guerra Civil, prestando especial atención a innovaciones tales como la mejora de los sistemas higiénico-sanitarios, la configuración de la psiquiatría como disciplina, la profesionalización de la enfermería, o la creación de controles de calidad de los alimentos, las cuales redundaron en la reducción de las tasas de mortalidad y consecuentemente en la elevación de la esperanza de vida de la población española.